Committee of Supply – Head J (Ministry of Defence)

Head J (cont) –

Resumption of Debate on Question [28 February 2024],

"That the total sum to be allocated for Head J of the Estimates be reduced by $100". – [Mr Vikram Nair].

Question again proposed.

11.08 am

Optimising National Service (NS) Deployment

Mr Kwek Hian Chuan Henry (Kebun Baru): Chairman, Sir. I would like to speak about optimising National Service (NS) deployment. It is a well-known fact that Singapore is one of the fastest ageing societies in the world. Despite our best efforts, Singapore's total fertility rate continues to decline. This means a smaller full-time National Servicemen (NSF) cohort over time. In fact, Minister for Defence Dr Ng Eng Hen, has told this House that we are to expect a one-third reduction in manpower by 2030.

Needless to say, this will have profound implications to the way we organise the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). At the same time, the nature of warfare has evolved tremendously. As the Russia-Ukraine conflict has clearly demonstrated, the competence and digital savviness of a civilian population that dons the military uniform in times of war, can be a decisive advantage.

This is also one of Singapore's core strengths, as one of remaining countries that has a conscription service. Indeed, there is much more the SAF can do to tap on our people's civilian know-how to strengthen our capabilities.

As such, can the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) share more about how we are optimising the deployment of our NSmen?

Question proposed.

Functional Assessment

Mr Saktiandi Supaat (Bishan-Toa Payoh): Mr Chairman, the sharp escalation of conflict in recent years, including in Europe and the Middle East, have brought the SAF into focus. The wars being fought today are more complex. A United States (US) general observed that Ukraine's information and media operations took 17,000 Russians off the battlefield without firing a shot. On the other hand, Russian cyber-attacks on government systems and critical infrastructure augmented its ground invasion.

It was therefore timely that MINDEF pivoted away from the dichotomous classification of pre-enlistees into "combat fit" and "non-combat fit" groups, to implementing functional assessments two years ago. Pre-enlistees are assessed on their ability to safely perform the running, jumping and load-bearing that are necessary for specific vocational roles.

Senior Minister of State Heng Chee How updated at last year's Committee of Supply (COS) that out of the 100 pre-enlistees with orthopaedic conditions who underwent the relevant functional assessments, 75 were deployable to a wider range of operational roles than before.

Considering our ageing population and declining fertility rates and the creation of new roles like the Digital and Intelligence Service (DIS), are there any updates on the implementation of functional assessments for pre-enlistees? Will they extend beyond physical tests to intellectual tests, for example?

The Chairman: Mr Gan Thiam Poh. Please take your two cuts together.

Updates on Work-Learn Schemes

Mr Gan Thiam Poh (Ang Mo Kio): Thank you, Chairman. MINDEF introduced the Work-Learn Scheme in 2018. It is a good initiative for our young NSFs to learn and be prepared for the workforce while they undergo training to defend Singapore.

Through the Work-Learn Scheme, NSFs have the opportunity to put what they have learnt into practice. In turn, the hands-on knowledge they have gained also enhances their understanding of what they have studied. This could also help them to better envision their future career pathways, as they would be in a better position to discern if they would like to pursue particular areas of study in the future.

Can MINDEF provide an update of the Work-Learn Scheme? How many have benefitted from this scheme and are there plans for expansion?

Tapping on the Skills of Pre-enlistees

In my earlier cut, I talked about my support for the Work-Learn Scheme, which provides opportunities for our NSFs to work towards a diploma or university degree while serving in the SAF.

In our polytechnics, we are seeing students developing critical knowledge in fields that have military applications, including engineering and IT. There is synergy between their areas of interest, their studies and what can be applied to SAF's operational needs.

I would like to ask MINDEF if there are plans to tap on and further develop the relevant knowledge and skills that future NSFs may have acquired in courses prior to enlisting in NS?

Expertise-based Deployments

Ms Yeo Wan Ling (Pasir Ris-Punggol): As our population grows increasingly well-educated and skilled, our NSmen will also bring to the table a diverse range of talent and experience that could be useful to the SAF. The NS system should have the necessary structures and processes in place to ensure that we are making the best use of NSmen's expertise. This will become increasingly important as falling fertility rates affect the number of enlistees the SAF takes in each year.

MINDEF previously announced that it had sought to maximise the contributions of NSmen through the Enhanced Expertise Deployment Scheme. By deploying NSmen to roles that are aligned to the expertise that they have acquired in school or in their workplaces, a win-win situation is thus created. This not only enhances the SAF's operational capabilities and addresses their manpower needs, but also provides NSmen with the opportunity to practise their specialised skills in a military setting.

I would like to seek MINDEF's update on how many NSmen have undergone expertise-based re-deployment to date and whether there are plans to expand on such efforts moving forward.

Training Safety

Dr Wan Rizal (Jalan Besar): Chairman, NS is the bedrock of our national defence, a duty that every generation of NSmen embraces with honour and commitment.

Year after year, our NSmen dedicate – serving, defending and protecting our cherished nation.

Given the complexities and challenges this vital service entails, to ensure that our NSmen are comprehensively supported in their roles, we must guarantee their safety during training, ensuring they can prepare for their duties without compromising their well-being. Achieving this balance between rigorous training and safety is paramount, as it directly impacts our operational readiness and effectiveness.

Can MINDEF provide an update on the recent steps taken to improve training safety whilst ensuring that our operational needs are not compromised?

The Chairman: Mr Mohd Fahmi Aliman, you may take your two cuts together.

Using Technology to Enhance Safety

Mr Mohd Fahmi Aliman (Marine Parade): Thank you, Chairman. As MINDEF and the SAF continue their relentless pursuit of safety and effectiveness, particularly in the domains of training realism, information dissemination and health monitoring, the pivotal role of technology in driving these advancements becomes increasingly apparent. Harnessing the power of technological innovations holds the promise of not only enhancing training efficacy but also ensuring the safety and well-being of our personnel.

Last year, MINDEF provided an update on the implementation of the enterprise Safety Information System, facilitating rank and file reporting on near misses and incidents. Could the Minister for Defence elaborate on additional plans MINDEF has in utilising technology to further enhance the safety of our NSmen?

11.15 am

Safety Culture and Systems in the SAF

The incorporation of "safety" into the SAF's core values in 2016 underscored the institution's commitment to achieving zero training fatalities while ensuring realistic training scenarios. Notably, the SAF's Enterprise Safety Information System (ESIS) marks a significant milestone in leveraging digital technologies and data-driven safety management.

By facilitating enhanced situational awareness, predictive analytics and accident prevention mechanisms, ESIS promises to revolutionise the safety protocols within the SAF. Could MINDEF provide an overview of the outcomes and learning points derived from the recent safety audits and reviews conducted within the SAF? Additionally, an update on the work of the Inspector-General's Office, along with findings from safety audits conducted in the past years, would be greatly appreciated.

Mental Health Support

Dr Wan Rizal: Chairman, the mental well-being of our National Servicemen (NSmen) is as crucial as their physical fitness. Serving NS entails not only physical challenges but also mental and emotional stress, which can impact the overall well-being and performance.

Recognising the importance of mental resilience, it is essential to provide robust support systems and resources to address mental health concerns and promoting a culture of support within the military environment.

In light of the increasing recognition of the importance of mental health in the overall well-being, what recent steps have MINDEF taken to enhance mental health support and resources for our NSmen? How are these initiatives tailored to address the unique challenges and stressors they face to ensure that they effective mental support?

Psychologically Fit Soldiers

Ms He Ting Ru (Sengkang): Sir, the complex landscape of modern warfare makes it imperative that we not only equip our forces with physical prowess, but also invest in their mental and moral strength. True preparedness extends beyond physical weaponry. It involves cultivating a resilient and balanced force that can withstand the rigours of duty and adapt to adversity in the complex dimensions of a modern conflict.

Interventions that emphasise optimism, resilience, well-being and proportionate behaviour should be incorporated early to empower our servicemen and women to navigate the challenges of their duties with an approach to allow them to not only endure but thrive. With this in mind, the United States (US) Army developed the Global Assessment Tool (GAT) to measure psychosocial well-being of their soldiers in the domains of emotional, social, family and spiritual fitness.

The GAT is confidential and is an annual requirement for soldiers and is linked to the ArmyFit online training platform, which provides training based on the GAT results. It has been taken by over one million soldiers and researchers have found that it appears to be a sound psychometric measure of competencies as well as leadership and character traits that are essential to army life.

To bolster this, the US Army also has a 10-day Master Resilience Training Programme in the core competencies of self-awareness, self-regulation, optimism, mental agility, strength of character and connection. This enhances unit cohesion, decision-making and overall mission success, and provides skills that will undoubtedly be helpful beyond their time in the Armed Forces.

I would like to ask about the resilience training conducted by MINDEF, for example, under the SAF Centre of Excellence for Soldier Performance and whether an assessment tool has been added to assess the psychological fitness of our military personnel, like what we already do for physical fitness through the IPPT. Such assessments should not only be focusing on weaknesses or pathologies but instead, would also be focusing on identifying strengths that will increase resilience.

The Chairman: Mr Shawn Huang, you can take your two cuts together.

Digitalising NS Systems

Mr Shawn Huang Wei Zhong (Jurong): Thank you, Chairman. As technology rapidly evolves, it is important for the Government to take the opportunity to redesign and streamline public services, ensuring that processes are easy to follow and are able to engage stakeholders effectively. As citizens of a smart nation, we also understand first-hand the value of harnessing technology to transform the way we live and work. This too can be applied to the NS experience.

At the Committee of Supply debate last year, MINDEF unveiled the OneNS platform and also highlighted the introduction of an automated system to calculate make-up pay claim amounts.

I was happy to hear MINDEF's update that ground feedback on the automated make-up pay system has thus far been good. As the filing of make-up pay and claims has been a major administrative burden for many employers and NSmen, could MINDEF share the additional steps taken to digitise and improve administrative processes for our NSmen?

Updates on OneNS

At the Committee of Supply debate last year, MINDEF updated that the first phase of the OneNS was rolled out to selected In-Camp Training units.

Intended as a replacement for the existing NS Portal, the key benefit of the OneNS app has the potential of centralising all NS-related services and transactions into a single mobile app, enhancing efficiency and ease of access. I understand that the app is also able to anticipate and determine the unique needs of each serviceman and personalise digital services to ensure easy access to relevant information. Compared to the challenges that some may have encountered in using the NS Portal, I hope that the OneNS app will go a long way in improving the NS experience for all.

Could MINDEF provide an update of when the OneNS app will officially replace the NS Portal platform, and whether further improvements have been made following earlier trial roll-outs?

The Chairman: Miss Rachel Ong, you can take your two cuts together.

Update on NS Hub

Miss Rachel Ong (West Coast): Defence serves as a pillar of societal stability, safeguarding our freedoms and way of life. However, its importance is often only truly appreciated in its absence, leading to the tendency to take the presence of strong defence for granted. Therefore, I would like to express my gratitude to our NSmen for their dedication to Singapore's national defence.

The commitment of our NSmen to balancing personal, professional and NS responsibilities during their reservist years is truly commendable. Thank you for your silent yet steadfast protection of our shores.

Over time, MINDEF has made efforts to simplify processes and lessen administrative burdens for NSmen. These initiatives include the automation of make-up pay claims and the digital distribution of NS Recognition benefits.

In 2019, plans were announced for a centralised hub that would consolidate all NS-related services into one location to better cater to the needs of our NSmen. This development aims to provide a more user-friendly and convenient experience, eliminating the need for NSmen to visit multiple sites across Singapore and for services such as health screenings, annual fitness tests and equipment procurement. As it has been five years since the groundbreaking ceremony, can MINDEF provide an update on the progress of this facility?

SAF's Healthcare Services

Our servicemen and women are the foundation of our defence force, and it is imperative that we prioritise their well-being by ensuring they have easy access to the healthcare services and resources that they need.

Last February marked the opening of the Kranji Regional Health Hub, the first of six regional health hubs aimed at providing comprehensive healthcare services to SAF camps in Singapore's north-western region. These hubs are tailored to meet the specific healthcare needs of the units in surrounding camps.

I am encouraged to learn that the Health Hub offers an array of enhanced medical services, including dental, physiotherapy and mental well-being support, with unique features that enhance pandemic readiness. The introduction of telehealth services to the region's camps also represents a step towards more convenient healthcare options for our servicemen and women.

Efforts to enhance the accessibility and quality of healthcare for our soldiers are crucial and must be sustained. May I ask MINDEF to share the plans for the remaining five healthcare hubs and how they will further improve the healthcare services available to our servicemen and women?

The Chairman: Mr Neil Parekh. Not here. Mr Gerald Giam.

NS Pay

Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song (Aljunied): Mr Chairman, NS is an obligation that every male Singaporean or second-generation Permanent Resident (PR) must fulfil. However, it is undeniably an opportunity cost that is disproportionately levied upon one segment of society. Due to NS, Singaporean men begin their careers two years behind their female peers, first-generation PRs, new citizens and foreigners. NS poses a significant challenge for aspiring professional athletes, disrupting their training and competition during their peak performance years, and hindering their world-class aspirations.

The current philosophy of giving NSFs an "allowance for basic upkeep" needs to be reviewed in view of the significant increase in cost of living and NSFs' opportunity costs.

As a first step, the terminology should be changed from "NS allowance" to "NS salary", and it should attract CPF contributions. The median NS salary should be at least the Local Qualifying Salary of $1,600 a month. This still would not be a market salary, but it will go some way to compensate NSFs for the opportunity cost of two years of service and help them contribute a little to their household income.

I must emphasise that this does not in any way diminish the ethos of NS – just because we pay our NSFs fairly does not mean their service is any less of a national duty.

SkillsFuture@NS

Ms See Jinli Jean (Nominated Member): My cut is on SkillsFuture@NS, shortening time-to-work proficiency for NSmen. A 2023 IPS study found that 29% of the over 1,000 Singaporans surveyed did not feel that NSF could learn skills that were useful for civilian employment through NS. This 29% is higher than the 18% recorded 10 years ago.

IPS noted respondents felt that, and I quote, "NS should include more non-military training. This could be a result of the growing pressures for all to upskill and commit to lifelong learning, coupled with perceptions that NS involved some trade-offs to NSmen's education and career trajectories." Given the speed of technological innovation, a new NS-man with polytechnic education entering the workforce must now contend with fast-evolving industries and a steep learning curve. It is a tall order for a young person.

In this regard, I wish to put forth three broad questions to the Minister.

First, can MINDEF provide an update on the SkillsFture@NS initiatives that were launched in 2022, including SkillsFuture@NS Learning eXperience Platform?

Second, what are MINDEF's plans to facilitate NSFs' transition post-NS, including those who aspire to become entrepreneurs or who must prepare to freelance if they join the creative, media, and coaching sectors?

Third, what are MINDEF's plans to improve perceptions of the value of NS to soldiers' employability?

Total Defence

Mr Vikram Nair (Sembawang): Chairman, the concept of Total Defence was first introduced in Singapore in 1984, recognising that defending Singapore required a whole-of-society approach. At that time, the key pillars were military, civil, economic, social and psychological defence. In 2019, a sixth pillar, digital defence was added. Although Total Defence involves everyone, generally, MINDEF has taken the lead on coordinating defence across all pillars.

Presently, two major armed conflicts are being fought – the Russia-Ukraine war in Europe and the Israel-Hamas conflict in the Middle East. Both conflicts have caused immense loss of human life and displaced millions of civilians. Both conflicts have expanded also beyond the traditional battlefield and military domains.

These conflicts show that the modern warfare is total in nature, involving not only militaries, but the whole of society. In both conflicts, we have seen how important it is for societies to be resilient and united in the face of adversity. In times of crises, it is important for people from all walks of life to band together and help one another.

There are many threats beyond an actual armed conflict that could undermine a society's ability to be resilient and remain united. Disruption to essential services can incite widespread fear and panic. Disinformation campaigns have the potential to ignite societal divisions, wear at our social fabric and erode people's trust in the Government. And, as we have seen in the past few years, a pandemic can erupt quite suddenly, disrupting our way of life.

The events in the past few years have been a sobering reminder that threats can arise from anywhere and that we cannot rely on the military alone to deal with them. A strong military is a necessary but insufficient component of our Total Defence. To thrive, Singapore needs to invest in and build up a united, resilient society.

Which is why Total Defence is important. This concept involves every Singaporean playing their part to build our nation – which is critical in periods of difficulty. While we all hope that a crisis does not befall Singapore, we need to prepare for it nonetheless.

11. 30 am

Given the ongoing conflicts in other parts of the world and the increasing prevalence of new frontiers of conflict and non-traditional threats, I would like to ask MINDEF – what Total Defence lessons we can we take away from these developments; and what MINDEF is planning to do in relation to Total Defence in the coming year?

40th Anniversary of Total Defence

Ms Joan Pereira (Tanjong Pagar): This year, we commemorate the 40th anniversary of Total Defence. We are very fortunate to have had decades of peace and prosperity, but we should never take this for granted.

Eighty years ago, during the Japanese Occupation, Singapore experienced the horrors of war and suffered extreme privation. It was also a period when remarkable bravery and resilience shone through. Singapore is determined to be well-prepared for self-defence against future aggressions. Forty years ago, around the time the concept of Total Defence was introduced, the world split into two distinct blocs through the Cold War, with the threat of open conflict ever-present on the horizon.

Today, we must be cognisant of the fact that the prospect of conflict, no matter how small, always exists. One needs only to look at the Russia-Ukraine war, which shows no signs of ending, and the Israel-Hamas conflict. Even though both are far from our shores, they each have had significant impact on the world we live in and on our lives.

Total Defence is an important concept for all of Singapore society to coalesce around, especially in times of crises. Every Singaporean must play our part: as individuals and as part of our community. As we celebrate 40 years of Total Defence, we must ensure that the concept remains relevant and resonant for all Singaporeans from all walks of life. I would therefore, like to ask MINDEF to provide an update on how the 40th anniversary of Total Defence is being commemorated and how do we ensure that Total Defence continues to remain relevant and important?

Civic Preparedness

Mr Chong Kee Hiong (Bishan-Toa Payoh): Chairman, I had briefly mentioned in my earlier cut about the insecurity of our global operating environment that has spurred many governments to invest in defence. Another important issue that I would like to elaborate on is about the preparedness of our people in times of such uncertainties. I spoke on the topic of civic preparedness through Total Defence during my cut for last year's Committee of Supply debate and I think it is timely to revisit this topic.

Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence Wong recently launched the inaugural Total Defence Exercise – Exercise SG Ready. We need to enhance Singapore's readiness and build our nation's resilience to cope with potential crises and disruptions. In his message, he said that the most critical factor in upholding our security is the determination and will of our people; and that all of us have a part to play to defend Singapore.

I would like to ask MINDEF if it would provide an update on Exercise SG Ready and how this and other related activities are helping to prepare Singaporeans for possible disruptions in the event of an emergency or crisis? How would MINDEF heighten public awareness and increase participation of our civilians in regular preparation exercises? How will MINDEF ensure that as many Singaporeans as possible, equip themselves with the necessary knowledge and skills to cope with potential disruptions and attacks?

The Chairman: Mr Neil Parekh.

Recognising NSmen's Contributions

Mr Neil Parekh Nimil Rajnikant (Nominated Member): Chairman, our NSmen play a significant role in Singapore's defence. Our men put their career aspirations on hold for two years and after NS, they continue to serve as Operationally Ready National Service (ORNS) duties.

Balancing NS along with professional and personal obligations poses new challenges as they enter the workforce and even more competing pressures as they start families. All of us, including our employers, must play our part in ensuring that our NSmen feel supported and recognised for their activities and sacrifices. Deputy Prime Minister Wong announced a special cash credit for former and current NSmen in Budget 2024.

In recent years, I have been heartened to see initiatives like the NS55 Recognition Package and the enhancement of the NS HOME Awards. But we can certainly do more. My question for MINDEF is: what role can employers play in supporting NSmen in recognising their contributions towards Singapore's defence? Also, can MINDEF also provide an update on what steps are being taken to ensure that NSmen receive recognition and are well taken care of in their service to the nation?

The Chairman: Mr Zhulkarnain Adbul Rahim.

Total Defence amidst Global Conflicts

Mr Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim (Chua Chu Kang): Chairman, the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have led to serious spill-over effects around the world – ranging from disruptions to global supply chains to the rise of extremist violence.

We must do more to preserve our social cohesion and economic resilience amid these volatile and uncertain times. This warrants a whole-of-nation effort. In this regard, Total Defence continues to play a critical role in building a strong, cohesive and resilient society, premised on every Singaporean playing a part to help our country overcome any crisis.

Can MINDEF provide an update on efforts to involve Singaporeans in Total Defence, such as to encourage them to strengthen Social and Psychological Defence in their individual capacities? In addition, how is MINDEF and the SAF helping Singaporeans to better understand its own efforts to strengthen Total Defence, such as through the formation of the new Digital and Intelligence Service, or the Republic of Singapore Navy's role in keeping sea lines of communication secure and open?

Conversations on Total Defence

Miss Rachel Ong: The recent developments in the Middle East and Europe serve as a stark reminder of the ongoing importance of Total Defence and its six pillars. The proliferation of fake news and disinformation through various media channels has expanded the battlefield to encompass not only physical borders but also the hearts and minds of individuals.

There is an urgent need for the active implementation of Total Defence among our populace. Despite Singapore's prolonged period of peace, the concept of Total Defence may still feel distant to many Singaporeans. While it is taught in schools, its practical implications on daily life may not always be evident.

As we commemorate the 40th anniversary of Total Defence this year, it presents an ideal opportunity for us, as a community, to come together and contemplate how each of us can contribute to Singapore's defence. How can MINDEF encourage conversations among Singaporeans, to explore ways to incorporate Total Defence into their daily lives, thereby fostering a more resilient society?

Engaging Youth on Defence Issues

Mr Chong Kee Hiong: Chairman, today's security challenges bear little resemblance to those of the past. Aside from armed conflicts, we have seen the proliferation of hybrid threats – from the likes of dis- and misinformation to well-coordinated online and offline influence campaigns. These will have a profound and undesirable impact on our defence and security, as they seek to undermine our social fabric and weaken the resilience of our society.

It is thus important for us to provide the platform for Singaporeans to understand the various defence and security issues as well as the roles they can play. It is also important to encourage Singaporeans to participate proactively in initiatives in bringing Total Defence into action.

In particular, we should involve younger Singaporeans, who may not fully appreciate the extent of these developments and may find the topic of defence unfamiliar, distant and unrelatable. It is important to encourage their participation, so that we can nurture and tap on their potential to contribute in different areas of defence. When they have gained a deeper understanding, they would be more interested in how they can play a part in defending their homeland at different stages of their lives as they grow up.

On this note, I would like to request MINDEF to elaborate on their efforts in ensuring that our youths are engaged on defence issues.

Navy Vessels

Mr Muhamad Faisal Bin Abdul Manap (Aljunied): Mr Chairman, in 2015's MINDEF Committee of Supplies debate, I had raised the issue of fair and equal deployment in the SAF, particularly in the vessels of the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN).

In answering my previous question regarding having halal-certified kitchens on our vessels, the MINDEF Ministers had cited the key issue of space being a premium on ships and that other provision would be made not only for Muslim servicemen but any other services of other religions with dietary restrictions.

Sir, RSN has produced a video series on YouTube titled "The Passage 2", which featured among other trainees, then-midshipman Johan Fadli – a RSN regular personnel being deployed in the LST RSS Endurance from July to August 2024 for the Midshipman Sea Training Deployment (MSTD), a rite of passage for midshipmen to be commissioned as naval officers or to graduate as a naval warfare system engineer.

The video series was entertaining and educational on what midshipmen of both genders and races experienced during the MSTD. Sir, I had hoped to see some shots featuring some of the aforementioned provision that has been made for servicemen with various dietary restrictions.

Nevertheless, I would like to seek an update from MINDEF on the steps and measures taken thus far in making RSN's naval vessels a more inclusive and open workspace that is fair and just to all Singaporean servicepersons. I believe that it is important that we clearly communicate to the public – that there are no systemic barriers in the way of any Singaporean wishing to serve on our navy vessels.

The Chairman: Mr Lim Biow Chuan, you can take your two cuts together.

Total Defence and Work of ACCORD

Mr Lim Biow Chuan (Mountbatten): Thank you, Sir. The ongoing wars in Ukraine and the Gaza strip are important lessons to Singaporeans – never to take peace for granted and to always be prepared to defend their nation. Countries around the world have been racing to reverse their shrinking militaries by increasing defence spending and reinstating some form of national service.

Sir, I served my NS 40 years ago when there was no threat of war or aggression. For many of my contemporaries, we served NS because we felt the need to do our part to serve the nation. But in today's world, there are many different narratives out in social media and fake news abound. It will be more challenging for MINDEF to persuade Singaporeans to defend their country if there are external unfriendly forces trying to provide different reasons for aggression. Photos and reports can be easily manipulated to paint a different picture for Singaporeans.

May I ask what can MINDEF do further to reinforce the importance of NS among Singaporeans and in particular new citizens? Can MINDEF do more to strengthen the understanding of total defence among Singaporeans? May I ask whether the Advisory Council on Community Relations in Defence (ACCORD) will carry out more initiatives to strengthen community support for defence?

Supporting Pre-enlistees and NSmen

Sir, I get to meet many NSFs during the presentation of the Edusave awards. These young men have just completed their "A" levels or polytechnic education and they come to collect their Edusave awards with neat, shaven haircut and in NS uniform. Almost of all of them have a positive attitude towards NS and I wish to compliment MINDEF for a job well done. But we should not rest on our laurels because NS and the defence of our nation is critical to our nation's survival.

May I ask MINDEF how is the ACCORD supporting pre-enlistees and their families as they prepare for the transition to full-time NS? Has ACCORD also considered steps to support those transitioning out of full-time NS? Can we do more to prepare our NSFs – for either a vocation or career after NS or to prepare them for their further studies?

I urge MINDEF to do more to allow our NSFs to feel that their time spent during NS is for the right purpose and that they have benefitted from their stint in NS.

Importance of NS

Ms Denise Phua Lay Peng (Jalan Besar): Chairman, the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East are grave reminders of the need for a strong defence of especially small nation states like Singapore.

11.45 am

The SAF was created from scratch in 1965, as a result of the need to build our own security capability. We are blessed that political leaders like Mr Lee Kuan Yew and his team, including Dr Goh Keng Swee, had the foresight to build a strong SAF, bolstered by a robust conscription system. This, in turn, is made possible by the willingness and strong support of Singaporeans who saw this national need. Across generations since then, Singaporeans have played an important part in making personal sacrifices for the larger good of defending our nation.

As the threats we face become increasingly complex in wars that are fought not only in the physical space but also in cyberspace, Singaporeans' commitment to a strong defence is now more important than ever. The commitment and support of Singaporeans are really needed.

Can MINDEF provide an update on its plans to raise community awareness about the importance of NS and of a strong SAF? In light of our evolving threat environment, can we re-imagine NS to go beyond its current form, scope and method? For instance, are there avenues for women to serve in roles that are suitable for them and be recognised for their contributions?

The Chairman: Senior Minister of State Heng Chee How.

The Senior Minister of State for Defence (Mr Heng Chee How): Mr Chairman, the Minister for Defence described the dynamic nature of the security threats that we face and highlighted the importance of building an SAF to meet these challenges. NS is the cornerstone of Singapore's defence and it is critical that we continue to strengthen its effectiveness.

Last year, I spoke about changes arising from the work of the NS Review Committee. We introduced measures to make the most of the contributions of NSmen to improve the NS experience and enhance the support for and recognition of NS. I will provide an update on those initiatives as well as announce new ones.

Given low fertility rates, declining cohort sizes and an increasingly demanding mission, the SAF must continue to optimise the contributions of every NSman. Mr Henry Kwek asked how we are managing this. We are doing so in two key ways.

First, by reviewing medical fitness criteria and matching these to the physical requirements of jobs, we maximise the effective deployment of NSFs. Mr Saktiandi Supaat also asked about the assessments conducted for pre-enlistees. Psychometric assessments are conducted before enlistment. Functional assessments, which were introduced in January 2022 for pre-enlistees with selected orthopaedic conditions, assess their ability to perform the physical tasks required for the job roles. This allows for more deployment options than if one were to rely purely on medical classifications. The results have been encouraging. We were able to deploy about 200 out of the 280 pre-enlistees tested since 2022 to contribute effectively in the wider range of roles.

The SAF has also continued to redesign job roles for NSFs by leveraging technology to assist with physical requirements. More NSFs are then able to take on a wider range of roles. Since 2021, the SAF has redesigned 1,800 roles in vocations, such as Combat Medics, Infantry Carrier Vehicle Operators and Transport Operators. This has allowed about 700 NSFs to take on important operational roles, compared to if the roles were not redesigned.

Second, we invest in and tap on NSmen's skills and knowledge. One example is through Work-Learn Schemes which Mr Gan Thiam Poh asked about. With these, NSFs attain a diploma or partial university credits while performing a period of full-time NS followed by Regular service. This allows NSFs to fulfil their academic aspirations, put their learning into practice and contribute even better to the SAF with their enhanced skills and knowledge. Since the first Cyber Work-Learn Scheme in 2018, we have expanded to domains such as engineering, supply chain management and artificial intelligence, and we will continue to explore additional domains.

In 2023, we introduced two new schemes. One, for NSFs to pursue Diplomas in Paramedic Science and be deployed as Army Medic Specialists. The other for officer or specialist cadets to serve as NSF Trainers, while gaining credits for an undergraduate degree with the Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS). With this, we have now eight Work-Learn Schemes with about 520 NSFs enrolled since 2018.

And we are doing more. Mr Gan Thiam Poh asked about tapping on pre-enlistees. We are partnering Singapore Polytechnic and the Republic Polytechnic to introduce new schemes for final-year diploma students to fulfil their internship requirements and enlist concurrently. With Singapore Polytechnic, we have launched the Polytechnic Cyber Work-Learn Scheme and the SAF-Polytechnic Sponsorship for Integrated Curriculum Diploma, or SPS-IC Diploma for Aerospace Electronics. With the Republic Polytechnic, we have launched the SPS-IC Diploma for Electrical and Electronic Engineering and another one for Information Technology.

Students taking cybersecurity or aerospace electronics courses with Singapore Polytechnic, or electrical and electronics engineering or IT courses with Republic Polytechnic are eligible. Applications are already open. Those selected will serve for three to five years through a combination of full-time NS and Regular service as Cyber Specialists, or through full Regular service as Air Force Engineers or Naval Warfare System Experts. We will expand this to other polytechnics and vocations in due course.

Our operationally-ready NSmen may also have developed niche skills beyond their full-time NS period, in their civilian careers. Since 2014, the SAF has been identifying NSmen with relevant skills and redeploying them to units where they can contribute their civilian expertise. Ms Yeo Wan Ling asked for an update. In 2023, we redeployed about 260 NSmen. In total, about 790 NSmen have been redeployed over the years into roles, such as Command, Control, Communications and Computers (C4) operators and legal officers. We will continue to expand our efforts, having introduced marine survey as a new domain in 2023.

Maximising the operational readiness of NS personnel goes hand-in-hand with ensuring their safety and well-being. This is core to the social compact.

Dr Wan Rizal and Mr Mohd Fahmi asked about training safety. We are employing technology to improve performance while enhancing safety. The SAF has successfully tested using wearables to allow trainers to monitor the physiological data of soldiers in real-time and to calibrate fitness training accordingly. This optimises training outcomes while enhancing safety supervision and minimising injury. Since April 2023, all SAF recruits have been issued wearables and heart rate zone-based training has been incorporated into their physical training.

We have also made good progress in developing a next-generation digital safety information system. Today, SAF units actively use the SafeGuardian app to submit near-misses and incident reports.

All of this data is stored on the Enterprise Safety Information System. Units, such as the 1st Commando Battalion, have used insights from past trends to identify potential risk factors and adjust their training programmes accordingly to mitigate musculoskeletal injuries. The Army has also used this data in a quarterly alert called PING, which stands for "Proactive Information to Nudge and Guide". It compares each quarter's training activities with the preceding work year, so that units are aware of and can prevent common safety incidents.

Beyond technology, we regularly audit and review our safety systems and processes to ensure that they remain robust. Mr Mohd Fahmi asked about this. The Inspector-General's Office commenced its third audit cycle in April 2023, covering formations across the Services. Most recently, they completed system reviews to strengthen the training and qualification system for combat vehicle operators, and to enhance the safe conduct and management of inter-Service training.

The SAF also regularly benchmarks itself against external practices and standards through the work of the External Review Panel on SAF Safety (ERPSS). The third ERPSS recently completed their work. It continues to find strong command emphasis on training safety across the SAF. They also noted the SAF's use of data in safety management and to prevent accidents. We appreciate the good work of ERPSS and the next term will commence soon. We will never let our guard down on safety.

Care for our servicemen also goes beyond ensuring their physical safety. Dr Wan Rizal and Ms He Ting Ru asked how MINDEF/SAF is looking at the mental wellness and well-being of our servicemen.

MINDEF/SAF has in place efforts to promote effective self-care, strengthen coping skills and better recognise potential mental health issues. All Regulars and NSFs also undergo psychological first-aid training to help them recognise distress signs, exercise self-care and support their peers.

We have also continued our practice of screening for mental health conditions before enlistment. Those with severe conditions that pose harm to themselves or others are deferred from NS until they are professionally assessed to have improved and no longer pose those risks. Those with mild or moderate conditions, but who have been assessed to be able to serve in selected vocations, will receive additional monitoring during NS.

Beyond pre-enlistment screening, we have increased our mental health support over the years, particularly during Basic Military Training (BMT). Care Hubs have been set up in the BMT centres since 2020 so that mental health professionals and medical doctors can work closely with Commanders to support NSFs during their transition to military life. Commanders interview NSFs regularly to identify potential problems and to render assistance. Those who are uncomfortable sharing their problems openly can call an anonymous 24-hour SAF counselling hotline. We have also doubled the number of full-time mental health professionals to 80 over the past decade and established a Mental Health Office for better synergy and delivery of care.

I note that Ms He Ting Ru has also mentioned the importance of soldier moral strengths as well as resilience and how these will affect the effectiveness of the fighting units and fighting morale. This is an important aspect and I can assure Ms He Ting Ru that through the use of appropriate instruments, not necessarily the ones that she particularly mentioned, we pick up signals of weakness, as well as discern strengths for better deployment and development of our servicemen for different vocations and for different levels of command. We certainly want to press on with all efforts to make the most of the contributions of our servicemen.

We understand also that Parliamentary Questions have been filed on this topic of mental health for our servicemen and we will give a more substantive reply at a subsequent Parliament Sitting.

We also continue to enhance the NS experience and improve administrative efficiency, so that our NSmen can focus on their NS duties.

Mr Shawn Huang asked about OneNS and the digitalisation of NS systems. Today, NSmen use the NS Portal for their major NS-related transactions, such as to apply for Exit Permits, to book Individual Physical Proficiency Tests (IPPT), and to receive and acknowledge NS notices. This year, the NS Portal will be replaced by a new OneNS web portal. This web portal will be hosted on a commercial cloud platform and feature an improved design, allowing NSmen to access NS services more easily and with few disruptions. Through OneNS, we aim to introduce a more personalised and engaging digital experience for all NSmen.

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OneNS is not just a web portal but a broader platform, including a mobile app that consolidates NS-related services and transactions. The app will make the daily routine more efficient for NSmen on In-Camp Training (ICT). NSmen currently queue and scan their physical IDs for in-processing for ICT. With this enhancement, they will be able to register their attendance easily with the app's geo-location and QR code scanning features. This will be rolled out to all NS units in 2024.

Aside from the digital experience, we are also consolidating physical NS services for NSmen's greater convenience. Miss Rachel Ong asked about the progress of this one-stop location. As the Defence Minister spoke about last evening when he made his speech, the new Central Manpower Base (CMPB) will be open in phases from the year 2025. Once completed, the building will bear the CMPB name because of its significance for multiple generations of NSmen.

This new CMPB will be an integrated service location for NS-related administration. NSmen will be able to undergo the Health Screening Programme, take their IPPT or attend NS FIT training at the all-weather Fitness Conditioning Centre. They can then buy NS necessities at the Lifestyle mart located on-premise, or make use of the "Click and Collect" and "Pick and Pack" services if they so wish. Pre-enlistees will attend medical screening and take their pre-enlistment IPPT there. The medical screening time will be shortened, thanks to an easier registration process and improved sequencing of stations. Enlistees, NSmen and the public can also look forward to amenities such as a food court, café, childcare centre, soccer field and fitness zone. We envisage these amenities to be open even on weekends, bringing convenience to NSmen and the community nearby.

The new CMPB will also be home to the SAF's second Regional Health Hub (RHH), which Miss Rachel Ong asked about. RHHs consolidate the SAF's essential healthcare services under one roof for each region to provide even more responsive care. The first RHH serving the northwest region was officially opened in Kranji in 2023. Over the next decade, the SAF will be establishing up to four more RHHs in different parts of the island. The third RHH will be located at the Dieppe Barracks to serve the north. It will house the SAF's first Sports and Exercise Medicine Centre, to better manage musculoskeletal injuries and that is slated to commence operations in 2027.

Mr Neil Parekh asked how do we recognise the contributions of NSmen. Sir, we have a strong track record of showing our appreciation to our NSmen. Examples include the NS Recognition Awards first introduced in the year 2010, which was subsequently enhanced into the NS HOME (Housing, Medical and Education) Awards in 2014. These awards support the NSmen's housing, healthcare and educational financing, and they are presented to NSmen in cash credits and top ups to their CPF and Post-Secondary Education Accounts at various milestones of their NS journey.

After we enhanced the NS HOME Awards again in 2022, a NSman can receive up to $18,500 in the course of his NS journey. Good performance during NS is also recognised through the NS Excellence Awards. In addition, NSmen and their families receive tax relief every year. We also celebrate our NSmen's life milestones with celebratory gifts of $100, when they solemnise their marriage, or welcome a child to the family.

Most recently, Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence Wong announced that all past and present NSmen will receive $200 in LifeSG credits in November this year. This is on top of the $100 presented in 2022 to commemorate NS55. These initiatives and others in this nature demonstrate and manifest and reflect MINDEF's continued strong emphasis on appreciating the valuable contributions of our NSmen.

I note that Mr Neil Parekh also asked, "What about employers? How can employers also play a part in this?" Here, I want to record my thanks to the Advisory Council on Community Relations in Defence (ACCORD). We have a council within the ACCORD on employers and businesses. Through the work of that council, as well as broad employer groups and chambers, I think the message has really gone out to many employers that strong NS is synonymous with conditions to do good business in Singapore, because safety and security of this land enables proper business planning and investment decisions to be taken, for good business operations to be proceeded with.

I think that over the years, more and more employers have understood this. You can see this manifested in the increasing numbers of employers who have merited the NS Mark recognition as well as so many employers, who in their own ways, have made arrangements to support their NSmen when they have to report for their ICT, to recognise the leadership skills of the NSmen as they apply to their work, to recognise the relevant vocational skills like in logistics, like cyber, as they apply to those particular industries, for example.

I want to thank these progressive employers for doing so and I hope that all employers can take a leaf from their book and also do so.

Mr Gerald Giam asked about the NS allowance. NS is a duty to the country. It is not a form of employment. Instead of a salary, NSF receive an allowance to support their basic personal upkeep. And this allowance is regularly reviewed, most recently in July 2023. And I must also say that if you look over 10 years since 2012, from 2012 to 2023, this allowance was reviewed four times. When we say that we will provide an allowance to support the basic upkeep of our NSFs, we mean it and we will ensure it.

I note that Mr Giam has also used the word "obligation" in his cut – not wrong, but I also noted Dr Wan Rizal in his cut used the words "honour" and "duty" – also correct.

We are all on the same page because Mr Giam also finished his cut by saying that we all recognise the importance of citizens defending this country. Because for whom are we defending this country? For MINDEF? For the SAF? No. It is for each and every Singaporean, for now and for the future. We will continue to review regularly to make sure that the allowance remains relevant.

I spoke about the recognition packages, the ongoing allowances for our NSFs. There is something else which is that as they transit out of full-time NS into post-NSF life, many of them will either immediately or soon enough either further their studies or commence work. Therefore, we also pay close attention to ensuring that our NSFs' transition to employment is made as smooth as possible.

In 2022, MINDEF and the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) partnered the National Trades Union Congress' (NTUC's) Learning Hub and NTUC's Employment and Employability Institute (e2i) to enhance the SkillsFuture@NS initiatives. Under this enhancement, NSFs can use the SkillsFuture@NS Learning eXperience Platform to gain unlimited access to 75,000 online courses. Ms Jean See asked for an update on this.

Since its implementation, about 21,000 NSFs have signed up on the platform. MINDEF/SAF and Young NTUC also launched the Career Starter Lab programme to NSFs in September 2023, to support them with structured job training and career mentorship after NS. About 100 companies across a wide range of industries, such as food and beverage, retail and trade, health, energy and finance services, are already on board – and of course, every effort will be made to broaden this. NSFs may apply to take advantage of the programme and strengthen their value in the labour market.

Therefore, we care for NSFs not only during the full-time service. We care for them their future.

Finally, Mr Chairman, in the area of recreation, we opened SAFRA's seventh clubhouse in Choa Chu Kang in 2023. The Float@Marina Bay's redevelopment into the NS Square is on track, with construction commencing next month. When completed in 2027, it will again play host to major national events like the National Day Parade and bigger-scale community, sporting and recreational activities.

Mr Chairman, NS remains the cornerstone in safeguarding our security, sovereignty and way of life. We must continue to do our utmost to strengthen the NS system, to make full use of our NSFs' and NSmen's talents and skills, and to appreciate their valuable contributions. We must take good care of them.

The Chairman: Senior Minister of State Zaqy Mohamad.

The Senior Minister of State for Defence (Mr Zaqy Mohamad): Mr Chairman, Minister for Defence Dr Ng and Senior Minister of State Mr Heng have updated the House on our efforts to ensure that the SAF remains effective and ready to defend Singapore.

To complement a strong SAF, Singapore needs a united and resilient population. I will address how we are building commitment to Singapore and strengthening resilience through Total Defence.

This year marks the 40th anniversary of Total Defence. Since its inception in 1984, Total Defence has been our overarching defence strategy and a whole-of-society response against any threat to our sovereignty, our security and our way of life. For 40 years, Total Defence has continued to be relevant and has helped us navigate economic downturns, global uncertainties and even a recent pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, we saw Singaporeans step forward to care for one another. Singaporeans delivered food and essential supplies to those who needed help, supported various COVID-19 measures, including vaccinations to protect our population, including seniors, and reminded one another to be discerning against fake news and misinformation. And this was Total Defence in action.

Mr Vikram Nair asked about Total Defence lessons that we could learn from ongoing conflicts around the world. Even as we live in relative peace in Singapore, we must be prepared for threats that can disrupt our way of life and undermine our social identity.

Europe enjoyed decades of peace and many countries abolished conscription due to the "peace dividend". Then, the Ukraine-Russia conflict happened – right at Europe's doorstep. Sweden and Finland quickly applied to join NATO.

The physical conflict in Gaza might be geographically far away from Singapore, but it has strong resonance and strong ripple effects on our population and our harmonious social fabric.

We have seen how cyber hackers can attack energy infrastructure, as they did in Denmark, or disrupt public transport systems like they did in Poland. These can affect public confidence and the economy.

We have also seen the use of misinformation and hostile information campaigns. Such campaigns can sow distrust, increase anxiety and create divisions within communities if we are not united and vigilant. This is why we stood up our newest pillar of Digital Defence.

Singapore must be ready for threats – both traditional and emerging ones. Hence, Total Defence is not just a concept or a narrative; it is imperative for all of us here in Singapore. If and when crises and disruptions hit our shores, every one of us must play our part and stand ready.

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Ms Joan Pereira asked about how we are commemorating 40 years of Total Defence (TD40). We have planned a year-long campaign to raise Singapore's threat awareness, as well as strengthen our resilience and readiness for crises and disruptions. Over the past two weeks, education, community, commercial and Government organisations have participated in the inaugural island-wide Total Defence exercise, called Exercise SG Ready.

Mr Chong Kee Hiong asked for an update on the exercise. With your permission, Mr Chairman, I have asked the Clerk to distribute a handout on Exercise SG Ready.

The Chairman: Please go ahead. [A handout was distributed to hon Members.]

Mr Zaqy Mohamad: Members can also access this through the SG PARL MP mobile app.

We launched the exercise about two weeks ago, and as Mr Chong Kee Hiong noted, we had 500 participating organisations then. But two weeks on today, more than 800 participating organisations have come on board and simulated some 250 power disruptions, 300 water or food supply disruptions, and 200 cyber disruptions.

Nearly 200 evacuation drills were conducted too, but rest assured none today, here in Parliament. These include students and educators from all over, 330 schools. In some schools, students learnt about the value of water when they experienced water supply limitations during recess.

In response to a simulated food supply disruption, some secondary school students ate Ready-to-Eat meals from the Singapore Food Agency and SATS, while others learnt to make do with alternatives from a smaller range of food items, which were made available in their canteens. During simulated power disruptions, teachers adjusted their lesson activities to teach outside of classrooms. Through these experiences, students said they better understood Singapore's vulnerabilities and the importance of being prepared and adaptable during times of disruption.

In the heartlands, residents adapted to simulated food and water disruptions and learnt about facilities essential for civic preparedness. Some residents went to alternate places for their groceries and meals when their neighbourhood markets and hawker centres were closed for market cleaning to simulate food disruptions. Over 200 households living in Yung Sheng Road adapted to water disruptions by collecting water from PUB's water wagon and water bag filling machines. Visitors to community facilities such as the People's Association Integrated Community Hubs participated in evacuation drills. Last week, about 12,000 members of the public visited Civil Defence shelters at three MRT stations where they learnt shelter procedures and about how these shelters protect civilians in an emergency.

Over 160 businesses took the opportunity to enhance and validate their business continuity plans. For instance, Pontiac Land Group, South Beach, Sofitel Singapore Sentosa Resort & Spa and others tested their business continuity plans in the event of a power failure. Other companies conducted their own simulated cyber phishing exercises, referencing playbooks from the Cyber Security Agency, which were developed in consultation with Google and Microsoft. I spoke to some of the CEOs and business owners, and they told me that the exercise was a timely one.

But what shone through was the spirit of care for fellow Singaporeans. Thirty-five volunteers from Taman Jurong Community Emergency and Engagement Committee distributed water bags and made house calls during a simulated water disruption.

Mr Cheok Xin Lin, a nursing student at the National University of Singapore (NUS), was one of the volunteers and used his professional training to ensure that all residents and volunteers could participate in the exercise safely. He said that this exercise allowed them to test their contingency plans and help those in need. It also helped them recognise that community support is crucial, as everyone had a part to play in times of crisis.

This year's Exercise SG Ready has provided just a slice of the disruptions that could hit us in a crisis. It has prompted us to think about what we can do, how we can respond and why we must remain united. I am glad that it has resonated well with participants, and we will continue to find ways to educate, to activate, to think and to inspire action for Total Defence.

Beyond the exercise, we will continue to engage Singaporeans on Total Defence throughout the year. Mr Zulkarnain Abdul Rahim and Miss Rachel Ong asked about these efforts.

We launched the Total Defence Exhibition which showcases examples of Singaporeans putting Total Defence in action. Through the exhibition, we hope that Singaporeans can reflect on the role that they play to keep Singapore strong and prepared. Visitors are encouraged to make pledges in support of Total Defence. These pledges will be collated on a digital map of Singapore, showcasing Singaporeans' commitment to Total Defence.

The exhibition is currently at the Singapore Discovery Centre and from March, it will move into several community spaces, including the National Library and SAFRA Choa Chu Kang. This year, we also hope to bring the Total Defence community together. MINDEF and NUS will jointly organise a Total Defence Convention for our partners and practitioners in April.

The speakers will be both local and international and will provide perspectives around the theme of "Building Societal Resilience and Readiness in Disruptions and Crises". Our partners and practitioners will also have the opportunity to exchange best practises, network and discuss ideas through a series of workshops.

Beyond the programmes planned for TD40, we will continue to engage different groups of Singaporeans to strengthen Total Defence. Mr Chong Kee Hiong asked about how MINDEF engages our youths. The Total Defence Sandbox (TD Sandbox) was launched in 2022 to call for ideas from Singaporeans on how the community can put Total Defence into action. I spoke about this at MINDEF's COS debate last year.

The Sandbox is now in its third year, and I am happy to update that we continue to receive many ideas, especially from our youths. This year, we have shortlisted more proposals for implementation. You may have heard about TD@Singverse. Initiated and developed by Finute – a Singapore-based metaverse edutainment company – this proposal taps on the online platform, Roblox, to create a Singapore within the metaverse.

Since its launch a week ago, over 3,500 players have joined the TD@Singverse virtual world where they have learnt about the six pillars of Total Defence through mini games. Another group of students from NUS proposed an idea to strengthen Digital and Social Defence by harnessing the collective wisdom and skills of an online community of volunteers to identify scam websites, and raise awareness and understanding of scam detection. These are good ideas and MINDEF will continue to partner the community to implement them.

Mr Chairman, the theme of our Total Defence campaign this year is, "Together We Keep Singapore Strong". Our resilience and strength as a nation are dependent on each of us working together towards common goals.

Similarly, in the SAF, our servicemen and servicewomen are steadfast in their commitment to Singapore's military defence. Ms Denise Phua and Mr Faisal Manab asked about inclusiveness in the SAF.

The deployment of service personnel to vocations is based on merit, capability and aptitude, as well as their commitment to the SAF and to Singapore, regardless of race, gender or religion. This approach is fair and optimises our manpower for SAF vocations.

Sir, we are heartened that Singaporeans continue to express strong support for Defence and NS. According to an Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) survey on Public Attitudes towards NS, concluded last year, 98% of respondents agreed that NS was necessary in the defence of Singapore. Close to 90% would encourage their friends and loved ones to serve NS even if NS was not compulsory. However, we must not take the strong public affirmation for granted.

We will continue to raise community awareness about the importance of NS and defence, as Ms Denise Phua and Mr Lim Biow Chuan highlighted. One of our efforts is through the Advisory Council on Community Relations and in Defence (ACCORD), which like Total Defence, is turning 40 this year.

Today, ACCORD continues to run a wide range of community outreach initiatives to reach out to pre-enlistees, youths, new citizens, Permanent Residents (PRs), NSmen, families and women. Some Members of Parliament such as Member He Ting Ru, Mr Zulkarnain Rahim and Mr Don Wee are also active members of ACCORD. The goal is to bring society together, to champion and to advocate for Singapore's defence and for NS.

ACCORD initiated NS info-sharing sessions with pre-enlistees, including those who are new citizens and PRs, to better ease their transition into military life. ACCORD also initiated the NS Family Camp in partnership with SAFRA, where families built barshas with full camouflage on and even belted out familiar military tunes.

Supporting our NSmen in their professional development is another key tenet of ACCORD's work. Last year, ACCORD signed Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with AETOS and Singapore Human Resource Institute. Under these MOUs, our NSmen enjoy concessionary rates for selected programmes to upskill, reskill and learn relevant security and Human Resource knowledge.

Mr Neil Parekh asked about the role of employers in supporting our NSmen in recognition of their contributions towards the defence of Singapore. The best form of employer support for our NSmen is to support their NS commitments. For instance, some employers introduce flexible work arrangements before in-camp training or celebrate our NSmen's NS achievements during company events.

We are heartened to see that in the same IPS survey, 95% of employed NSmen respondents agreed that their employers were supportive of their NS commitments. So, I thank employers too for their support.

Ms Denise Phua also asked about the role of women in defence. Today, women are already contributing to our military defence as Regulars and volunteers. Since 2015, more than 600 women have volunteered as part of our SAF Volunteer Corps and have been trained and deployed in roles such as in surveillance operations, engineering and safety.

Members might also be familiar with another ACCORD initiative, the Women's Boot Camp, which started in 2018 to provide women with a glimpse of NS life through participation in Basic Military Training activities. The experience has inspired some to even consider a career in the SAF. We continue to reach out to women to be our advocates for NS and defence and encourage them to do their part wherever they can.

Mr Chairman, reflecting on the past 40 years of Total Defence, we find a journey marked by strength, resilience and a collective commitment by Singaporeans to safeguard our home and our way of life. Over the decades, we have continuously evolved our approach to Total Defence to adapt to evolving challenges.

Yet, amidst all these challenges, what endures is the unwavering spirit of Total Defence and the understanding that everyone has a part to play. As we move forward, let us remember that keeping Singapore strong is a shared responsibility, not just during crises and disruptions, but also during peacetime. Together, let us keep Singapore strong for many generations to come. [Applause.]

The Chairman: We have some time for clarification. Mr Gerald Giam.

Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song: I thank the Senior Minister of State for responding to my cut. The Senior Minister of State said that NS is a duty to country and is not employment. However, does the Senior Minister of State agree that the two are not mutually exclusive? For example, SAF regulars, they are both employees and they are also serving their national duty. But that does not detract in any way their sense of national duty.

I want to emphasise that I do support NS, but I feel that NS pay should better reflect the realities of the opportunity costs that NSmen have to incur.

Mr Heng Chee How: Mr Chairman, I thank Mr Giam for his question. I think we agree that serving NS to protect this country is a duty of citizens. And when we enlist our young male citizens into NS, we do not just take them in as volunteers.

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We recognise that we call on their time for two years – well, 22 months if they have a certain level of fitness – and that during this period they do need basic upkeep as they fulfil their duty to this country. That is why we recognise that in the fulfilment of their duty, we also provide for this basic upkeep. And this is also why we regularly update and enhance the allowance that we so pay to our NSFs.

The Chairman: Mr Faisal Manap.

Mr Muhamad Faisal Bin Abdul Manap: Sir, I would like to thank Senior Minister of State Zaqy for his comment and remarks on my cut. I would just like to repeat my request: whether the Senior Minister of State can provide an update regarding the steps and measures taken thus far in making RSN naval vessels a more inclusive and open workspace?

Mr Zaqy Mohamad: I thank Mr Faisal Manap for his clarification. We have given him replies on this issue previously and the considerations have not changed. The provision of halal food requires adherence to religious stipulations, including on the food source, preparation and storage. For local training and operations – that is, trainings in Singapore – these conditions can be met by having separate kitchens and halal-certified sources of food. The SAF also provides halal food to our soldiers in camps or when they are training outdoors.

But when SAF soldiers are deployed overseas, there are practical constraints. For overseas exercises on land, the SAF links up with local suppliers to provide halal food where feasible. And depending on the country that they are training in. You have to understand that the landscape is very different from having our cookhouses here in Singapore. On Navy ships, the kitchens need to be self-sufficient to prepare and provide meals for all servicemen on board – not just the Muslim servicemen, but also others who may have other dietary restrictions.

The space for kitchens and storage of food needs to be compact and maximised due to other operational constraints, such as control and combat systems, ammunition and equipment spares, as well as living quarters for our servicemen. For these reasons, a separate halal kitchen on our naval ships is not feasible. We have to separate the kitchen from the food being served – two different things. For our Muslim personnel on board our ships, our ships provide options, such as seafood, chicken and vegetables.

I note that Mr Faisal Manap noted seeing our Malay serviceman in our video. Our servicemen have accepted this. For non-Muslim Navy personnel with specific dietary restrictions, such as vegetarians, they can also select from these options on the ships too.

I think we have to basically consider that there are different considerations for different groups and we have operational considerations as well. Nonetheless, we thank all our servicemen and servicewomen, particularly those on ships and when training overseas, who understand these constraints and accept them.

The Chairman: Mr Vikram Nair.

Mr Vikram Nair: Thank you, Chairman. I think it is heartening to note that MINDEF is investing regularly and steadily, to keep our defence strong. In my cut on Total Defence, I had asked about how the whole-of-nation is getting itself ready as well and I think Senior Minister of State Zaqy shared exercise SG Ready on this – which was very heartening, more than 800 organisations taking part.

In order for Total Defence to work, things like these probably need to be done regularly and institutionalised. I just wanted to check whether that is the plan and to get more organisations involved in understanding their roles?

Mr Zaqy Mohamad: I thank the Member for his support for TD40. Because indeed, it is not just within these few weeks that we engage these organisations. As I shared earlier on, our initiatives will run the whole year long and we hope that beyond this, we can expand this and certainly get more onboard. If you look at some of the events that we are planning – not just the TD Exercise – we got the Total Defence Exhibition; we have the TD Sandbox that is ongoing with the schools for our youths; we got the Dynamic Defence Display; as well as the Total Defence Awards.

These are all a collection of activities, events to commemorate the importance of Total Defence. What is more important is Singaporeans coming onboard and practising it daily, because we always have to be conscious. I hope that the experience, whether they are in school, whether they are part of a company, is something that is memorable and that people remember of some of the threats that are always around us.

One thing I reckon, as Minister Ng said yesterday, is that Singaporeans understand our vulnerabilities. Therefore, there is a certain acceptance that we have to be united because the threats are not just within here. The threats are coming from outside, and we have to be united and resilient as a society. So, this is where Total Defence will play a role across all our six pillars. And I thank the Member for his support.

The Chairman: Any other Members have clarifications for the Ministers? If not, can I invite Mr Vikram Nair to withdraw your amendment?

Mr Vikram Nair: Thank you. My thanks to the Minister and two Senior Ministers of State for their sharing and for all our serving people in the armed forces and reservists. Chairman, I seek leave to withdraw my cut.

Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.

The sum of $19,364,918,800 for Head J ordered to stand part of the Main Estimates.

The sum of $1,440,390,200 for Head J ordered to stand part of the Development Estimates.