Divorce and Marriage Trends by Income Group
Ministry of Social and Family DevelopmentSpeakers
Summary
This question concerns Mr Gan Thiam Poh’s inquiry regarding divorce rates by income level and foreign spouse involvement, alongside measures to address rising dissolution trends. Minister for Social and Family Development Tan Chuan-Jin noted that educational qualifications serve as an income proxy, with higher-educated grooms generally experiencing lower dissolution rates. While overall rates remained stable for 2007-2009 cohorts, non-resident marriages showed a slight upward trend, leading to the introduction of specialized cross-cultural support and friendship programmes. Furthermore, mandatory marriage preparation was introduced for couples under 21 to bolster stability and financial planning, ensuring support regardless of income or education. These interventions focus on strengthening family foundations and helping couples navigate unique challenges to maintain long-term marital stability.
Transcript
19 Mr Gan Thiam Poh asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) over the last three years, what has been the number of divorces for each income group of our population and the percentage in relation to the total number of marriages; (b) how many of them involved foreign spouses and what is the percentage in relation to the total number of marriages to foreigners for each income group; and (c) whether there is an upward trend in such divorces and, if so, what are the measures that the Ministry is taking to address the trend.
Mr Tan Chuan-Jin: MSF tracks marriage dissolution on a marriage cohort basis. Marriage dissolution comprises divorces and annulments, with divorces making up about 95% of all dissolutions. Marriage cohort dissolution rates refer to the cumulative proportion of marriages from a particular year that have dissolved by a certain year.
We have used the 2007 to 2009 marriage cohorts as we can more meaningfully compare dissolution rates before the fifth anniversary from date of marriage onwards.
The population is defined as "resident marriages"; that is, marriages involving at least one Singapore Citizen (SC) or Permanent Resident (PR). In addition, educational qualification is used as a proxy for income, as income is not a compulsory field when couples file for marriage locally.
For couples who married in 2007 to 2009, the number of dissolved marriages before the fifth anniversary for resident marriages remained relatively stable at around 1,500 to 1,600 per year of a dissolution rate of 6.4% to 6.8%. In general, the number of dissolved marriages was lower for marriages involving grooms with higher educational qualifications attained as shown in tables 1A to 1D below. The number of marriages between a Singapore Citizen (SC) and a Non-Resident (NR) was around 6,000 to 7,000 for the three marriage cohorts from 2007 to 2009. Of these, around 400 to 500 marriages of each marriage cohort or 7.1% to 7.9% dissolved before the fifth anniversary. Based on the three marriage cohorts from 2007 to 2009, there appears to be an upward trend, but more data points are required to confirm the trend.
The Ministry recognises that SC-NR marriages face unique challenges. As such, we have introduced marriage programmes in December 2014 to help these couples manage cross-cultural differences as they settle down in Singapore and to strengthen their marriages. These programmes include the Marriage Preparation Programme offered before marriage, the Marriage Support Programme for newly-weds, and the Friendship Programme, which comprises family bonding activities, support group sessions and pairing of volunteers to foreign spouses as "buddies".
The Ministry has also expanded marriage support for young couples. Couples marrying on and after 1 October 2016, where at least one party is below 21 years old will be required to attend a Marriage Preparation Programme conducted by MSF-approved organisations before a marriage licence can be issued. This requirement is in addition to prior parental consent. These programmes, which include a component on financial planning, help couples build strong marriages, regardless of income or education.
